Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are noncancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They are one of the most common types of pelvic tumors in women and can vary in size, number, and location within the uterus. While most fibroids do not cause symptoms and require no treatment, they can sometimes lead to complications and require medical intervention.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but several factors may contribute to their development, including:
- Hormonal Factors: Estrogen and progesterone, hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, appear to promote the growth of fibroids. Fibroids typically grow during reproductive years when hormone levels are higher.
- Genetic Predisposition: There is evidence to suggest that genetic factors may play a role in the development of uterine fibroids. Women with a family history of fibroids are at an increased risk of developing them themselves.
- Other Factors: Other factors such as obesity, age (most commonly diagnosed in women aged 30-40), and ethnicity (African American women are at higher risk) may also influence the development of uterine fibroids.
- Symptom: Many women with uterine fibroids do not experience any symptoms and may not even be aware they have them. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Fibroids can cause prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), leading to anemia and fatigue.
- Pelvic Pain and Pressure: Large fibroids or those located in specific areas of the uterus can cause pelvic pain, pressure, or discomfort.
- Frequent Urination: Fibroids pressing on the bladder may result in frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder completely.
- Constipation or Bloating: Fibroids pressing on the rectum may cause constipation or bloating.
Treatment
Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and the individual’s preferences regarding future fertility. Treatment options may include:
- Medications: Hormonal medications, such as birth control pills or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, may help control symptoms such as heavy bleeding and pelvic pain.
- Noninvasive Procedures: Procedures like uterine artery embolization (UAE) or magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) can shrink or destroy fibroids without surgery.
- Surgical Removal: Surgical options, such as myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), may be recommended for women with severe symptoms or those who have completed their family planning.
